Somewhere along the way, functional training became a shelf in the gym. Kettlebells over there, balance discs in the corner, a rack of resistance bands labeled for the purpose. I understand why it happened. It is easier to sell a category than to ask a question. But functional was never supposed to be a style of training. It was supposed to be a question, and the question is functional for whom, and for what.
I have had two clients in the same week doing what looked like completely different programs, and both were doing functional work. One was a nurse who spends her shift transferring patients in and out of beds. Her program had to include controlled, loaded hip hinges under fatigue, because that is what her Tuesday night actually demands of her body. The other spends ten hours a day at a desk and travels for work twice a month. Her most functional exercise might be learning to breathe and brace before she stands up from a chair, because that is the movement she repeats hundreds of times a day without noticing it.
If I swapped their programs, both would still be technically functional exercises. Neither would be functional training, because the word only means something in relation to a life. A heavy trap bar deadlift is a wonderful, honest movement. It is also irrelevant to someone whose days do not ask anything like it of them, and essential to someone whose days do.
Functional was never a description of the exercise. It was always a description of the fit between the exercise and the person doing it. That is a harder thing to sell than a piece of equipment, because it means I cannot hand you a program before I understand your week.
This is where I think a lot of the marketing around functional training quietly misleads people. It implies that certain movements are inherently more real, more transferable, more honest than others. In my experience it depends entirely on what you are training to transfer into. A single-leg balance drill is deeply functional for an aging client managing a fall risk. It may do very little for a competitive lifter whose actual limitation is confidence under a heavy bar.
I still use unstable surfaces sometimes. I still program traditional strength work, and I still have people move on machines when a machine is the right tool for where they are. None of that decides whether the training is functional. What decides it is whether I have actually asked what the person needs their body to do outside the session, and whether the exercise in front of them is answering that.
So when someone asks me whether I do functional training, my honest answer is that I try to ask the question every single session, for every single person, rather than answering it once with a label and calling it done. The equipment changes. The question does not.